Photovoltaic (PV) Solar Panels: PV solar panels are the most common and widely used solar technology. They convert sunlight directly into electricity using solar cells made of silicon. The electricity generated by these panels can be used directly or stored in batteries for later use.
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP): CSP systems use mirrors or lenses to focus sunlight onto a small area, which then heats a fluid, typically water or molten salt. The heated fluid is used to generate steam, which in turn drives a turbine to produce electricity.
Solar Heating and Cooling (SHC): SHC systems use solar collectors to absorb heat from the sun, which is then used to heat water or air for use in buildings or industrial processes. These systems can also be used for cooling by using a thermally-driven cooling system that uses solar energy to power the cooling process.
Solar Water Pumping: Solar water pumping systems use PV solar panels to power a pump that moves water from a well or other source to a storage tank. These systems are commonly used in rural areas where electricity is not available or reliable.
Solar Desalination: Solar desalination systems use solar energy to remove salt and other impurities from seawater or brackish water, producing potable water for drinking and irrigation.
Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV): BIPV systems are integrated into the building's structure and can be used to replace traditional roofing or siding materials. They can be used to generate electricity and provide shade or insulation for the building.
Hybrid Solar Systems: Hybrid solar systems combine multiple solar technologies, such as PV panels and CSP systems, to improve the overall efficiency and reliability of the system.
Floating Solar Arrays: Floating solar arrays are installed on bodies of water, such as reservoirs or ponds. They can provide electricity to nearby communities or industrial facilities and can also help to reduce water evaporation.
Solar Streetlights: Solar streetlights use PV solar panels to power LED lights, providing lighting for streets and other public areas. These systems are often used in rural areas or areas with unreliable power supplies.
Solar-Powered Vehicles: Solar-powered vehicles use PV solar panels to generate electricity to power the vehicle's motor or charge its battery. These vehicles are still in the experimental phase but could have potential in the future for reducing carbon emissions from transportation.